ALBERT EINSTEIN (1889 - 1945):
He is the father of Modern Physics.
He was born in UIm, kingdom of Wurttemberg, German Empire on March 14, 1879. His father's name was Hermann Einstein and Mother's name was Pauline koch. He was born into a Jewish family. His father was a Scientific utility salesman, electrician and mother was a Housekeeper.
In 1880, the family moved to Munich. In 1894, when Einstein was 15 and his family moved to Italy, first of Milan and a few later to Pavin. Albert attended a catholic elementary school in Munich, from at the age of 5, for three years. At the age of 8, he was transferred to the Luitpold Gymnasium, where he received advanced primary and secondary school education. The twelve year old Einstein taught himself algebra and Euclidean geometry. After Graduation, Einstein spent two years in search a teaching job, but didn't find.
Finally, he got a job of assistant examiner at the Federal office for Intellectual Property at the patent office. Einstein and Mileva Maric married in January, 1903. They had there children: Lieserl Einstein Hans Albert Einstein and Eduard Einstein. In 1905, he completed his thesis which was entitled "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions". For the work , he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich.
In 1905, he came up with his revolutionary works, which were focused on photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, the special theory of relativity and the equivalence of matter and energy. In 1905, he published his four ground- breaking papers. The papers provided information on the photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, special relativity, the equivalence of matter and energy. This paper brought Einstein to the limelight and he became instantly famous and was recognized as the leading scientist. In 1908, he was appointed as a lecturer at the University of Bern. However, Einstein quit this position as well as the one he was holding at the patent office to take up the profile of physics docent at the University of Zurich.
In 1911, he became a full-time professor at the Karl-Ferdinand University in Prague. Einstein separated from his wife Mileva in 1914. In 1916, Einstein was appointed as the president the German Physical Society, that he held for two yeras. During this time, Einstein also attained membership of the Prussion Academy of Sciences. Their divorce was final on 14 February, 1919. He married Elsa Lowenthal, in 2 June, 1919. He invented officially by the Mayor of New York on April 2, 1921 and delivered several lecturer at the Columbia and Princeton University. Then he moved to Washington D.C. After that he visited many countries including Singapore, Ceylon, Japan, America, Belgium to serve his lecture.
Suddenly A new law had been set in Germany according to which Jews could not hold any official positions, including teaching at the Universities. Not only was Einstein's work targeted, he himself was on the list of assassination targets of the Nazi's with a 5,000 dollar bounty on his head. Einstein found his temporary shelter in England. Then he made the decision to permanently stay in the United States and thus, applied for citizenship. Einstein gained a permanent citizenship in US in the year 1940. Einstein, in his later years, was even offered the position of President of Israel but he declined the same stating that he had neither the aptitude nor the experience.
In 1921, He received the Nobel Prize in Physics . In 1929, Einstein was presented with the Max Planck
medal of the Granma Physical Society in Berlin. The chemical element einsteinium was named for him.
He died at Princeton, New Jersey, United states on 18 April 1955, at the age of 76.
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